Volume 8,
Issue 19
July 28, 2000
Volume 8,
Issue 19
July 28, 2000
Vegetables
Vegetable Insects - Joanne Whalen, Extension IPM Specialist; jwhalen@udel.edu
Peppers.
At the present time, all peppers that have fruit ½ inch in size or larger should be sprayed on a 7-10 day schedule for corn borer and pepper maggot control. However, in the Milford area, sprays should be applied on a 5-7 day schedule. In addition, since corn earworm catches still exceed 20 per night in the Milford area, a corn earworm spray is also needed. Since acephate (Orthene or Address) does not provide effective earworm control, Lannate or a pyrethroid should be used. In all other areas, acephate can still be used on a10-day schedule. Lannate, Spintor, or a pyrethroid should be used on a 7-day schedule. We are also starting to see an increase in aphid populations in peppers. Remember a continuous pyrethroid program should not be used to avoid aphid explosions. Trap catches can be found at http://www.udel.edu/IPM/latestblt.html or by calling the Crop Pest Hotline (1-800-345-7544- in-state only- or 1-302-831-8851).
Lima Beans.
Continue to watch for economic levels of leafhoppers that can still be found in fields throughout the state. Remember, most labeled insecticides will only provide 7-10 days of control. In fields with pin pods, you should sample for earworm, lygus and stinkbugs. A treatment should be applied if you find one corn earworm per 6 foot of row or 15 tarnished plant bugs and/or stinkbugs per 50 sweeps. Lannate or Capture can be used to control all 3 insects on lima beans.
Snap Beans.
Processing snap beans should be sprayed at the bud and pin stages with acephate for corn borer control except in the Milford area where Capture or Asana should be added to the mix for corn earworm control. A third spray with Capture or Lannate will be needed 5-7 days from harvest except in the Milford area where you will need 2 sprays between pin and harvest. Fresh market snap beans should be sprayed on a 7-day schedule as soon as pin pods are present.
Sweet Corn.
All fresh market silking sweet corn should be sprayed on a 3-day schedule except in the Milford area where sprays are needed on a 2-day schedule. Trap catches can be found at http://www.udel.edu/IPM/latestblt.html or by calling the Crop Pest Hotline (1-800-345-7544- in-state only- or 1-302-831-8851).
Vegetables - Bob Mulrooney, Extension Plant Pathologist; bobmul@udel.edu
The wet weather will favor white mold caused by Sclerotinia. If the soil has been wet for 6-10 days before bloom a fungicide is recommended. Applications should be made when 70-80% of the plants have one or more open blossoms. A second application should be made 5-6 days later. For lima beans there is a 28 day preharvest interval that must be followed if spraying with Benlate or Topsin M. Rovral can be applied up to the day of harvest and has activity against Rhizoctonia pod rot.
Snap Bean Rust.
Plant resistant varieties. Bravo and now Nova are labeled for susceptible varieties planted for the fall. Pythium damping-off control is important this time of year. Ridomil Gold in a band over the row at seeding will control this disease. Another option is Ridomil Gold PC granules in the furrow at seeding if Pythium and Rhizoctonia are present and if following another bean crop.
Early blight and Septoria leafspots are present in some plantings. Be sure to maintain sprays of Bravo and Quadris. Alternate either chlorothalonil (Bravo, Equus) or mancozeb (Dithane, Manzate) with Quadris every 7 days.
Maintain foliar applications of Bravo every 10 days for the
control of leaf blights.
Laurel Farmer's Auction
Market Report
July 21 - 27, 2000
|
Quantity |
Produce |
Price |
|
48,150 |
Cantaloupes |
|
|
|
Athena |
0.25-0.95 |
|
|
Superstar |
0.30-0.50 |
|
7,391 |
Sugar Babies |
|
|
|
Seeded |
0.50-2.45 |
|
|
Seedless |
0.50-3.85 |
|
869 |
Honeydews |
0.35-0.85 |
|
119,239 |
Watermelons |
|
|
|
Crimson Sweet |
|
|
|
12 up |
0.40-0.90 |
|
|
15 up |
0.50-1.40 |
|
|
20 up |
0.75-2.00 |
|
|
25 up |
1.25-2.00 |
|
|
Sangria |
|
|
|
15 up |
0.60-1.15 |
|
|
20 up |
0.50-1.50 |
|
|
25 up |
1.25-1.80 |
|
|
Mardi Gras |
|
|
|
20 up |
1.30 |
|
|
Celebration |
|
|
|
15 up |
0.85 |
|
|
20 up |
0.60-2.10 |
|
|
Dirmal |
|
|
|
20 up |
0.75 |
|
|
Royal Majesty |
|
|
|
15 up |
0.80-1.00 |
|
|
20 up |
0.60-1.20 |
|
|
Royal Sweet |
|
|
|
25 up |
1.25 |
|
|
30 up |
1.70-1.75 |
|
26 |
Peppers |
|
|
|
Green |
4.00-7.50 |
|
2040 |
Tomatoes |
|
|
|
Red |
4.00-16.00 |
|
|
Pink |
3.00-10.50 |
|
|
Orange |
6.00-10.50 |
|
|
Cherry |
3.00-6.50 |
|
186 |
Sweet Corn Doz. |
1.30-1.45 |
|
89 |
Cucumbers |
2.00-10.00 |
|
189 |
Squash |
|
|
|
Yellow |
3.00-11.00 |
|
|
Green |
4.00-12.00 |
|
47 |
Potatoes |
|
|
|
Red |
5.00-7.00 |
|
44 |
String Beans |
6.00-16.50 |
|
5 |
Eggplant |
5.50 |
|
28 |
Pickles |
4.00-6.00 |
|
|
Lima Beans |
14.00-27.00 |
Late Blight Update - Bob Mulrooney, Extension Plant Pathologist; bobmul@udel.edu
|
Emergence Date |
DSV’s July 26 |
Recommendation |
|
April 27 |
136 |
5-day, mid rate |
|
May 20 |
88 |
5-day, mid rate |
|
May 24 |
88 |
5-day, mid rate |
Accumulated
14 DSV’s since the last report.
Since many early plantings are maturing and there is no late blight present in the area, spraying is probably not justified. Later plantings that are still growing should be protected at this time. The recent wet weather will favor foliage diseases such as early blight, late blight, and Botrytis vine rot, and the tuber diseases soft rot, pink rot and leak. Leak can become a problem if the weather gets very hot. Ridomil applications back at flowering or planting are looking like a good investment given the current weather pattern. Hopefully we will get some dry weather soon so you can dig.
Vegetable Diseases - Kate Everts, Extension Vegetable Pathologist, University of Delaware and University of Maryland; everts@udel.edu
Pickling Cucumbers.
Phytophthora fruit rot is a disease that can infect all cucurbit fruit including pickling cucumbers. Fruit rot is a different phase of crown and root rot, all caused by Phytophthora capsici and other Phytophthora spp. The symptoms are initially large water soaked lesions which develop a white dense growth on the fruit. The disease can spread rapidly and fruit collapse. This continues after harvest. Like the crown and root rot phase, high soil moisture (typically standing water) for two days allows the sporangia to form and release zoospores. Secondary infections then occur. Infection can also occur in fall pickles following a spring crop which was under standing water.
Water management is critical to reducing damage from this disease. Avoid planting susceptible crops in low lying areas where standing water is common. Plant on raised beds and subsoil between crops to avoid layers that are impervious to water. A three year rotation is important. Crops to avoid in the rotation are all cucurbits (including melon, watermelon, squash and pumpkin) and pepper, tomato and eggplant.
Gummy Stem Blight.
Weather conditions are excellent for spread of gummy stem blight on watermelon. Continue to apply Quadris (11-15.4 oz./A) alternated with chlorothalonil on a 7-day interval or according to the MELCAST program for watermelons. This fungicide combination has consistently given the best results in research trials in Delaware and Maryland.
EFI Values (Environmental Favorability Index)
Do
not use MELCAST if there is a disease outbreak in your field, it is a preventative program. Any questions
please call Phil Shields at (410) 742-8788 or e-mail: ps136@umail.umd.edu
|
Location |
7/19 |
7/20 |
7/21 |
7/22 |
7/23 |
7/24 |
7/25 |
7/26 |
|
Bridgeville, DE |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
2 |
|
Laurel, DE (Collins
Farms) |
1 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
5 |
|
Galestown, MD |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
5 |
|
Georgetown, DE |
0 |
6 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
|
Hebron, MD |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
|
Salisbury, MD |
0 |
5 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
4 |
7 |
|
Vienna, MD |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
|
Laurel, DE (Vincent
Farms) |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
3 |
6 |
The first fungicide spray should be
applied when the watermelon vines meet within the row. Additional sprays
should be applied using MELCAST. Accumulate EFI (environmental favorability
index) values beginning the
day after your first fungicide
spray. Apply a fungicide spray when 30
EFI values have accumulated by the
weather station nearest your
fields. Add 2 points for every overhead
irrigation. After a fungicide spray,
reset
your counter to 0 and start over. If a spray
has not been applied in 14 days, apply a fungicide and reset the
counter to 0 and start over. The first and last day listed above can be
partial days so use the larger EFI value
of this report and other reports for
any specific day.
If, for some reason, a serious disease
outbreak occurs in your field, return to a weekly spray schedule.
More detailed information
concerning MELCAST and sample data sheets are available on the web at http://www.agnr.umd.edu/users/vegdisease/vegdisease.htm
or http://www.udel.edu/IPM/ v
Field Crops
Field Crop Insects - Joanne Whalen, Extension IPM Specialist; jwhalen@udel.edu
Soybeans.
We have received a number of questions about the addition of an insecticide with the second application of Roundup to control corn earworm populations later in the season. If applied during the next 7-day period, these treatments will be too early to control earworms later in the season. As we all know, this is a very different year compared to 1999. At this time last year, corn was already beginning to dry down and earworm moths started to look for “green fields” for egg laying. This year there are more acres of later planted corn which will be more attractive to corn earworm moths. In addition, if the weather remains wet and humid, we will see more diseases in corn earworms, which can help crash populations. The combination of Roundup plus an insecticide might work on late-planted soybeans if applications are being made during the third and fourth weeks of August and economic levels are present. However, given current weather patterns and the condition of the corn, many unnecessary treatments could still be applied if fields are not scouted. It is still best to scout fields and make a decision based on individual field situations. As in most years, we will see hot spots of activity so the best strategy to avoid problems and unnecessary sprays is to scout fields. We continue to see our highest corn earworm moth catches in the Milford area (both pheromone and blacklight traps).
Fields should still be checked for grasshoppers, spider mites and green cloverworms . We have started to see a crash in mite populations in some areas but it is not widespread. Once fields start to bloom, you should also begin checking for corn earworm. The treatment threshold is 3/25 sweeps (narrow rows) and 5/25 sweeps (wide rows).
There have also been reports of aphids in later planted soybeans in Dorchester County, Maryland. The species found was green peach aphid. Early in the season, a field in Maryland was sprayed for aphids due to high populations causing curling and stunting. Although we have not seen aphid problems in soybeans in the past, they do see problems on soybeans in Virginia. This insect is known to vector soybean mosaic, which we occasionally see in Delaware. Although we do not think we will see a problem in Delaware, we will be surveying fields more closely in the next few weeks to see if populations are widespread. As you are sampling for thrips and mites, you should examine leaves carefully for the presence of aphids. You will need to examine leaves with a hand lens since small aphids can often be mistaken for small leafhoppers. Remember, all aphids have “tailpipes” (cornicles) which are not present on leafhoppers. In addition, we also have many beneficials in soybeans that could help to clean up a population. We do not have thresholds for aphids on soybeans in our areas; however, if plant damage on small plants is causing curling and stunting and beneficial insects are not present, then an insecticide may be needed. If you do treat, you will need to know which species is present. In general, pyrethroids do not provide very effective green peach aphid control. Materials labeled on soybeans that provide good green peach aphid control in vegetables include: Lannate and in some crops dimethoate. Both of these materials need to be applied before significant leaf curling occurs.
Soybeans - Mark VanGessel, Extension Weed Specialist; mjv@udel.edu
There is a lot of interest in only one Roundup or Touchdown application for weed control with double-cropped soybeans. We have tried this in situations of very high weed populations and heavy seedbanks and have not been successful with only one application of Roundup. However, I have seen fields with light weed pressure being successful with this approach. If you are interested in trying this, be sure to scout the fields so that the first application is applied timely. You are trying to time that application for after emergence of new seedlings, but before weeds present at small grain harvest have had a chance to compete with the soybeans. As I mentioned, with heavy weed pressure, you may need to spray before all the new seedlings have emerged. Also, be sure to re-check these fields to see if you need a second application.
There are a few no-till fields treated with Roundup Ultra or Touchdown for burndown before soybean planting where marestail control is not acceptable. Most of these fields have been retreated with Roundup or Touchdown, and marestail control is fair to poor. Some of these fields have been treated with over 4 qts of Roundup (or equivalent rate of Touchdown) and marestail is still present. The marestail is stunted but often not killed. I do not understand why this is occurring, but we are gathering plants for further studies.
We applied treatments in a field that had poor control of marestail with Roundup Ultra prior to planting. In this study (plants are still responding to the treatments), 2 qts of Roundup applied after the plants have started to regrow from the burndown treatment, is stunting the marestail, but will probably not kill them. With what has been observed to date, FirstRate is showing the highest level of control but it is about 75% control. Classic at 2/3 oz rate was not as good as FirstRate for marestail control. Switching to FirstRate for marestail control may require a tankmix partner since it is not very effective for grass, pigweed, or lambsquarters for postemergence control.
Field Crops - Bob Mulrooney, Extension Plant Pathologist; bobmul@udel.edu
Soybeans.
Septoria leafspot is present in some fields. Both full season and double-crop. Look for infected unifoliate leaves and lower trifoliate leaves. This fungus produces small, angular red-brown spots with yellow borders on the oldest leaves and if wet weather persists will move higher in the canopy on susceptible varieties. This disease is routinely seen here but rarely causes any economic damage.
Soybean cyst nematode has been seen in scattered fields. In seasons like this with ample rainfall SCN damage can be masked, meaning that you don’t see the yellowing and stunting that we normally see. The nematodes are still there but the plants look good from the road. The only symptoms you may see are uneven height or if in wide rows, the canopy never closes. Check susceptible varieties during the growing season by digging up plants in several spots in the field and look for the tell-tale signs of the nematode, white and yellow cysts on the infected roots.
Corn.
Wet weather can mean leaf blights. We have identified what I think is yellow leaf blight caused by Phyllosticta. This is a minor disease which is favored by wet weather.
Southern corn leaf blight has also been seen.
Grain Marketing Highlights - Carl
German, Extension Crops Marketing Specialist; clgerman@udel.edu
Market
Attention Turns to Export Sales.
U.S. corn exports were reported at 654,200 metric tons for the week ending July 21, 19 percent below the previous week and 9 percent under the 4 week average. For soybeans, net sales of 247,400 metric tons were 18 percent over the prior week, but 5 percent below the 4 week average. Although this number came in below trade expectations, additional soybean sales of 270,600 metric tons were reported for the 2000/2001 marketing year and soy meal sales at 181,700 metric tons were more than two times the previous week and almost 3 times the 4 week average. U.S. wheat sales of 815,800 metric tons were 39 percent above the previous week and 80 percent above the 4 week average, a marketing year high. The weekly export sales level for wheat was well above trade expectations.
U.S. Ag Exports Up 10% On the Year.
U.S. agricultural exports are now running 10 % above 1999 levels, led by strong gains in soybean and meat exports. The U. S. Commerce Department monthly reports from January to May, 2000 show ag exports valued at $20.68 billion versus $18.84 billion for the first five months of 1999.
Delaware Breeder,
Hatchery & Grow-Out Conference
Delmarva Conference Center
Delmar, Maryland
|
7:00-7:30 am |
Registration, Exhibits, Beverages/Pastries |
|
|
GENERAL
SESSION
Session Chairman Nick Zimmermann, University
of Delaware |
|
7:30 |
Introductions
|
|
7:35 |
Mycoplasma
gallisepticum Update John Dohms, University of
Delaware |
|
8:00 |
Production Issues in
the New Millenium: A Primary Breeder Perspective of Breeder, Hatchery and
Growout Issues Panel Discussion: |
|
8:00 |
|
|
8:20 |
|
|
8:40 |
|
|
9:00 |
Questions
|
|
9:10 |
Current Status of
Delmarva Environmental Regulations John Chlada, Perdue Farms
Inc |
|
9:25 |
Update on Alternative
Use Options for Broiler Litter
Mike Ferguson, Perdue Agri/Recycle Inc.
Bob Mitchell and Larr Enders, Allen's Family Foods, Inc. |
|
|
Total Litter
Management Program Tom Johnson, Eastern Shore Forest Products,
Inc.
|
|
10:00 |
Break,
Refresments &Exhibits
|
|
10:20 |
Water Quality and
Treatment Options Charlie Hayes, Agri Solutions, Inc. |
|
10:50 |
How De-regulation of
Electricity will Influence Industry Profitability Thomas Dickinson, Perdue
Farms, Inc. |
|
11:10 |
Automated
Chicken Catchers
Jim Dennis, Perdue Farms
Inc. |
|
11:30 |
Scholarship
Awards
|
|
11:40 |
Flock
Supervisors' Awards
|
|
11:55 |
Lunch &
Exhibits
|
|
12:45 |
Delmarva's Poultry
Industry in the 21st Century: Issues and Opportunities Charles Allen, III, Allen
Family Foods, Inc. |
|
|
GROWOUT
SESSION
Session Chairman John Scott, Mountaire Farms
of Delmarva, Inc. |
|
1:15 p.m. |
Field Experiences with
"Panels" in Poultry Houses Inma Estevez, University of
Maryland |
|
1:35 |
Nipple Drinker
Replacement Programs Jim Karsnitz, Peninsula
Poultry Equipment Co. Scott Conaway, G & M
Sales of Delmarva, Inc. |
|
1:50 |
Sand as an Alternative
Litter: Observations and Opportunities Bud Malone, University of
Delaware |
|
2:10 |
Inlets:
Design and Operation
Eileen Wheeler, Penn State
University |
|
2:40 |
Break,
Refreshments & Exhibits
|
|
3:00 |
Dark Out
Housing
Mike Czarick, University of
Georgia |
|
3:40 |
Lighting Programs in
Dark Out Housing Ken Martin, Fieldale Farms,
Inc. |
|
4:10 |
Controllers
Mike Czarick, University of Georgia
Bill Brown, Perdue Farms Inc. |
|
4:40 |
Fellowship
Hour
|
|
|
BREEDER
SESSION
Session Chairman Dick Knotts, Mountaire Farms
of Delaware, Inc. |
|
1:15 p.m. |
Field Experiences with
"Panels" in Poultry Houses Inma Estevez, University of
Maryland |
|
1:35 |
Nipple Drinker
Replacement Programs Jim Karsnitz, Peninsula
Poultry Equipment Co. Scott Conaway, G & M
Sales of Delmarva, Inc. |
|
1:50 |
On-Farm BMP's for
Breeder Food Safety Issues Greg Rosales, Ross
Breeders, Inc. |
|
2:20 |
Concepts of
Breeder Feeding
Les Kreger, Chore Time,
Brock |
|
2:40 |
Break,
Refreshments & Exhibits
|
|
3:00 |
Breeder
House Equipment
Matthew Mills, Roxwell |
|
3:20 |
Male Fertility and
Spiking Programs Jerry Garmon, Ross
Breeders, Inc. |
|
4:10 |
Controllers
Bill
Brown, Perdue Farms, Inc. |
|
|
HATCHERY
SESSION
Session Chairman Mike Riggleman, Allen’s
Hatchery, Inc. |
|
1:15 p.m |
Improving
Ventilation with Existing Equipment
Scott Martin,
Cobb-Vantress, Inc. |
|
1:45 |
Step-Down
Temperature Program
Archie Northcutt, Chick
Master |
|
2:15 |
Importance
of Scheduling Times
Joe Mauldin, University of
Georgia |
|
2:40 |
Break,
Refreshments & Exhibits
|
|
3:00 |
ChickXPRESS:
An Automated Chick Delivery System
Al Olinde, ChickXPRESS |
|
3:25 |
Candling and
Break-Out Assessment
Joe Mauldin, University of
Georgia |
|
4:25 |
Open
Discussion
|
|
4:40 |
Fellowship
Hour
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration Deadline is
August 25, 2000 Cost is $40 per person,
which includes registration, proceedings and luncheon |
|
|
Make check payable to
Delmarva Poultry Industry, Inc. and
mail to: Bud Malone University of Delaware RD 6, Box 48 Georgetown, DE 19947
(302) 856-7303 (ph) (302) 856-1845 (fax) |
Upcoming Events…
Pickle growers and related industry personnel are invited to the Pickle Harvester Field Day on August 2. Five harvesters will be on display and operating, weather permitting (Raindate – August 3). Harvesters that will be present are: FMC Self-Propelled, Raven, PikRite, PikRite Prototype, and the UD modified Wilde.
The event will begin at 4 pm, at either Clearview Farms, or Earlview Farms, near Hurlock, Maryland. The specific field will be determined as the day approaches. For more information, call Ed Kee at 302-856-7303, or email at Kee@udel.edu.
University of Delaware Research & Education Center
Beginning at 8:30 a.m.
Ø Agronomic and Vegetable Field Tours
Ø Sick Plant Clinic
Ø Weed Identification Area
Ø Sussex Master Gardener Demonstrations
Ø 4-H Farm Animal Display
Ø Sussex County Safe Kid’s Day Activities
Ø Luncheon Program
Ø Demonstrations, Exhibits, Carriage Rides and Much More.
Ø
For More Information, contact Mark Isaacs or Jay Windsor at 302-856-1997 or 302-856-7303.
Weather Summary
Week of July 20 to July 27 |
|
Rainfall: |
|
0.81 on July 20 0.01 on July 24 0.08 on July 25 0.71 on July 26 |
|
Readings taken for the previous 24 hours at 8 a.m. |
|
Air Temperature: |
|
Highs Ranged from 83°F on July 22 to 71° F on July 25. |
|
Lows Ranged from 68°F on July 26 to 61° F on July 23. |
|
Soil Temperature: |
|
73°F average for the week. |
|
(Soil temperature taken at a 2 inch depth, under sod) |
Web Address for the U of D
Research & Education Center:
Compiled and Edited
By:
Tracy Wootten
Extension Associate - Vegetable Crops
Andrew Turner
Student
Cooperative Extension Education in
Agriculture and Home Economics, University of Delaware, Delaware State
University and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating, John C.
Nye, Dean and Director. Distributed in
furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. It is the policy of the Delaware Cooperative
Extension System that no person shall be subjected to discrimination on the
grounds of race, sex, disability, age or national origin.