Volume 12, Issue 21
August 13, 2004
Volume 12, Issue 21
August 13, 2004
Vegetables
Vegetable Crop Insects -
Cabbage.
Be sure to sample fall planted fields for
diamondback and cabbage looper larvae. We can find both insects in recently
planted fields. If both species are present, Avaunt, a Bt, Proclaim or Spintor will provide control. If cabbage looper is
the predominant species, a pyrethroid, Intrepid, or Confirm will also provide
control.
Lima Beans.
Continue to
scout for lygus bugs and stinkbugs as soon as pin pods are present. Treatment
should be considered if you find 15 adults and/or nymphs per 50 sweeps. Since
earworm can be found in lima bean fields, you should also start scouting fields
with pin pods for corn earworm. A treatment will be needed if you find one corn
earworm larvae per 6 ft of row from late flat pod stage until harvest. Capture,
Lannate, Mustang, or Warrior will provide earworm control.
Melons.
Continue to scout all melons for aphids, cucumber beetles, and spider
mites. Be sure to watch for bees foraging in the area and avoid insecticide
applications on blooming crops.
Peppers.
Be sure to maintain a 5-7 day spray
schedule for corn borer control, corn earworm and fall armyworm control. Continue to scout for beet armyworm,
especially if fields are weedy. Avaunt,
Intrepid and Spintor will provide the best beet armyworm control.
Snap
Beans.
At this time, all fresh market and processing snap
beans will need to be sprayed for corn borer from the bud stage through
harvest. You will also need to consider corn earworm when making your chemical
selection. Remember, Orthene provides poor corn earworm control. So if Orthene
is used at the pin stage, a pyrethroid should be added to the mix. Since moth
catches can change quickly, be sure to check our website for the most recent
trap catches and information on how to use this information to make a treatment
decision in processing snap beans. (http://www.udel.edu/IPM/traps/latestblt.html
and http://www.udel.edu/IPM/thresh/snapbeanecbthresh.html).
Spinach.
Since webworm and beet armyworm moths are both actively laying eggs, be sure to
watch for both worm pests as soon as plants emerge. Controls should be applied
when worms are small and before they have moved deep into the hearts of the
plants. Also, remember that both insects can produce webbing on the plants.
Since beet armyworms are more difficult to control, chemical selection is
important. Confirm, Intrepid, or Spintor will be needed for beet armyworm
control. If webworms are the predominant species, permethrin, Confirm (8
oz/acre),or Intrepid (8-10 oz) should be
used. Generally, at least 2 applications are needed to achieve control of
webworms and beet armyworm.
Sweet Corn.
All
fresh market silking sweet corn should be sprayed on a 2-3 day schedule. Since corn earworm populations have increased
quickly in some locations, be sure to check trap catches frequently. You can
check trap catches and treatment decision guidelines on our website (http://www.udel.edu/IPM/traps/latestblt.html and http://www.udel.edu/IPM/thresh/silkspraythresh.html).
Vegetable Crop Diseases - Bob Mulrooney, Extension Plant
Pathologist, bobmul@udel.edu
Lima Beans.
We
have yet to see downy mildew in lima beans. It is important to spray for downy
mildew beginning at flowering. The weather pattern continues to be very
favorable for infection. We have seen two confirmed cases of lima bean pod rot
caused by Phytophthora capsici. There is nothing labeled specifically
for control of this soil born fungus. Copper sprays applied preventatively for
downy mildew have provided good control of downy mildew, but have not provided
adequate control of pod rot in the past. In general, the infected areas tend to
be the low areas and not the entire field. Infected pods will drop and reduce
yields.
Downy Mildew on Cucurbits.
Another
fungicide is now available for downy mildew on cucurbits. Previcur Flex from
Bayer now has a cucurbit label at 1.2 pints/A. It is an excellent fungicide for
late blight in potatoes especially when tank mixed with Bravo. It needs to be
tank mixed with chlorothalonil (Bravo, all cucurbits), maneb (pumpkins and
winter squash), or mancozeb (other cucurbits) for use on cucurbits. To access the Previcur Flex fungicide label in
pdf format
http://www.rec.udel.edu/update04/S%20Previcur%20Flex%207-30-04.pdf
Late Blight Advisory.
Disease Severity
Value (DSV) Accumulation as of
|
Date |
Daily DSV |
Total DSV |
Spray Recommendation |
|
6/26-30 |
0 |
87 |
10-day |
|
7/1-7/11 |
7 |
94 |
10-day |
|
7/12 |
5 |
99 |
7-day |
|
7/13 |
2 |
101 |
7-day |
|
7/14 |
2 |
103 |
7-day |
|
7/17 |
10 |
113 |
5-day |
|
7/19 |
1 |
114 |
5-day |
|
7/22 |
2 |
116 |
7-day |
|
7/23 |
2 |
118 |
7-day |
|
7/24 |
9 |
127 |
7-day |
|
7/26 |
5 |
132 |
7-day |
|
7/27 |
11 |
143 |
5-day |
|
7/29 |
2 |
145 |
7-day |
|
7/30 |
10 |
155 |
7-day |
|
8/2 |
4 |
159 |
7-day |
|
8/3 |
2 |
161 |
7-day |
|
8/4 |
2 |
163 |
5-day |
|
8/6-8/11 |
0 |
163 |
10-day |
Application rates for protectant fungicides
(Dithane, Bravo, etc.) should be at the high end of the rate with the amount of
foliage present. For specific fungicide recommendations, see pages F132-33,
2004 Delaware Commercial Vegetable Production Recommendations Book. EB 137.
No late blight has been seen in DE-MD-NJ area on
potatoes.
Note: Late blight has been confirmed on tomatoes in
Field Crop Insects -
Soybeans.
Continue to scout fields for soybean aphids. Although populations have not reached
threshold levels we are starting to find them on stems as well as leaves. You
will need to look at the entire plant when sampling for aphids. The treatment
threshold is 250 per plant up to growth stage R-3/R-4 with 80% of the plants at
that level. After R4, the threshold increases to 1000-1500 aphids per plant.
Numerous products are now labeled for soybean aphid including Asana, Baythroid
(suppression only), Mustang MAX, Warrior, and Lorsban. Dimethoate has not
provided adequate control and Furadan 4F only has a 2ee label for the
Midwestern states.
We can also find economic levels of defoliators in
later planted double crop fields. In most cases, the predominant insects are
grasshoppers and green cloverworms. Before bloom, the defoliation threshold is
30% and once fields begin to flower the threshold drops to 15% defoliation. You
should also watch for diseased cloverworms which can help to crash populations.
We are also starting to find a few corn earworms in
double cropped fields; however, populations are extremely low at this time.
Although full season fields should generally escape damage, it will be
important to check those fields at least once, especially if they were treated
for spider mites. As in most years, double crop fields will be most susceptible
to attack. A treatment should be considered if you find 3 per 25 sweeps in narrow fields and 5 per 25
sweeps in wide row fields ( 20 inches or greater).
The following materials will provide corn earworm
control in soybeans: Ambush, Baythroid, Asana, Mustang MAX, Pounce, Warrior
(all pyrethroids), Larvin, Lorsban, or Steward.
Larvin and Steward act by ingestion on both small and large larvae.
Remember that if you are using a pyrethroid, the primary mode of action on
large larvae will be ingestion. Earworms
will need to feed to cause death so you will not see much activity from the
contact action. Once they ingest the product, they immediately stop feeding.
Therefore, fields should not be evaluated for control until 4 days after
application. Small larvae are generally
killed by contact as well as ingestion.
It is important that you do not look at fields 1-2 days after spraying
and assume control failure if large worms are present. This could result in un-necessary
re-sprays. We are also finding a few beet armyworms in fields. If the
predominant pest is beet armyworm, the pyrethroids will not provide control.
Steward would be the preferred material. However, in 2002 grower demonstration
trials, Lorsban also provided good control.
Field Crop Diseases - Bob Mulrooney,
Extension
Plant Pathologist, bobmul@udel.edu
Corn.
I
have seen an increase in the number of fields with southern corn leaf blight in
Southern
corn leaf blight. Ends of lesions are not rectangular like gray leafspot and
centers are tan not gray.
Soybeans.
Two
samples were received that look like Sudden
Death Syndrome (SDS). This is a disease that was first seen on Delmarva
back in 2000. Cooler and wetter conditions than normal are thought to favor it.
One of the two fields is the same as in 2000. The fungus is soilborne and can
persist for long periods of time. The principal symptom is the intervienal
chlorosis at first which then results in interveinal necrosis and brown leaves
that eventually drop leaving the petioles attached to the stems. The fungus
produces a rot of the root cortex and a toxin that causes the leaf symptoms.
Depending on how early symptoms appear determines the effect on yield. The earlier
to flowering and early pod, fill the more the damage to the crop. If symptoms
develop after the beans fill out the pods there is effect on yield. Control of
SDS is through the planting of resistant varieties. Be on the lookout for
soybeans with symptoms like the following picture. When diagnosing SDS, do not
rely entirely on foliar symptoms. Remember that the foliar symptoms of SDS are
similar to those of brown stem rot (not very common here) and stem canker.
Longitudinally split the stem of plants exhibiting foliar symptoms and look for
stem discoloration. Plants with SDS may have some uniform vascular
discoloration (reddish to brown), but the pith remains white. Plants with brown
stem rot have brown discoloration of the vascular tissue and the central pith.
Leaf symptoms of the stem canker disease can also be confused with SDS;
however, soybeans with stem canker have cankers on the lower stem, whereas
plants with SDS do not have cankers. The leaves remain attached after dying on
plants that have stem canker; but, on soybeans with SDS, the leaves drop off
the soybean plant, often dropping from the top of the plant first and leaving
the petiole attached to the stem. There are two other diseases that can produce
symptoms like this, so whole plants are needed for a good diagnosis.
Sudden
Death Syndrome (SDS) on leaves. Note the interveinal necrosis.
Grain Marketing Highlights - Carl German, Extension Crops Marketing Specialist; clgerman@udel.edu
World & U.S. Supply and Demand
Highlights.
The August crop report results are in. The report is being termed
neutral to slightly bullish for U.S. corn due to ending stocks coming in on the
low side of pre-report estimates; bullish for U.S. soybeans due to lower
production for the '04 crop and lower ending stocks for the '04/'05 marketing
year; and bearish for wheat with both higher production and higher ending
stocks.
Corn Analysis.
A quick look at the big five corn producing states this year ranks
Total U.S. corn production for the '04/'05 marketing year is now
forecast at a record 10.923 billion bushels with ending stocks estimated at
1.132 billion bushels, only 218 million bushels above the carry in from the
'03/'04 marketing year at 914 million bushels and 45 million bushels more than
the carry over from '02/'03 marketing year. The '04
Ending stocks for world coarse grains are expected to rise to 92.70
million metric tons, an increase of 7.54 million metric tons from last month
primarily due to production increases in the
The season average farm price for '04/'05
Soybean Analysis.
Total
The season average farm price for '04/'05 U.S. soybeans was lowered by
30 cents on each end of the price range and is now placed at $5.40 to $6.40 per
bushel. This may seem surprising; however, one needs only to be reminded of the
huge production increase that is projected for the Southern Hemisphere '05
soybean crop to account for the reduction in the price range.
Wheat Analysis.
Total
The season average farm price for
Market Strategy.
This report is likely to produce a rally in the soybean trading pits,
giving some producers an opportunity to catch up on '04 forward contracting
needs if not already 50% completed. Depending upon crop development, some
producers are going to want to advance soybean sales above the 50% level for
the '04 crop. This rally may also present an opportunity to forward price some
'05 soybean production.
Once trader focus turns away from the fact that the '04
UPCOMING EVENTS:
ON THE ROAD
AGAIN…
AUGUST 23-24,
2004
WORKING TOUR OF
• AGRI-TOURISM • DIRECT MARKETING •
VALUE-ADDED
ITINERARY
August 23, 2004
Linvilla
Orchards, Media PA
Brown’s Orchard
& Farm Market,
Maple Lawn
Farms, New Park, PA
Hotel Liberty
August 24, 2004
Lady Moon Farms/Trickling
Springs Creamery
We are inviting
all of you to join us. Transportation,
lodging, meals taxes and gratuities are included. The cost is $ 80.00 per person double
occupancy.
We will leave
PHONE 302-730-4000 by August 19th if
you will be going on this tour, or email Gordon Johnson (
Tour
sponsored by the University of Delaware Cooperative Extension, The Delaware
Department of Agriculture, and The
Northeast Center for Risk Management Education.
Wicomico Farm
and Home Show
AUGUST 19- 21
2004
Located
at the
Anyone
wishing to enter into the Tractor Show and/or Classic Car show may go directly
to the website.
www.wicomicofarmandhomeshow.com
For
more information, contact Susan Lewis at 410-749-7151(ph), 410-742-5436 (fax)
or email at www.farmersandplanters.com
PROGRAM
WEDNESDAY - AUGUST
18th
THURSDAY - AUGUST 19th
4:00 pm.................................................SHOW OPENS
5:00 pm.................................................Livestock Show
5:00 - 7:00 pm..............CAT COUNTRY ( KEYWORD )
6:00 pm ….............................................Livestock Show
7:30 pm. …...............................................Cake Auction
Auctioneer : Pete Richardson
9:00 pm................................................SHOW CLOSES
FRIDAY - AUGUST 20th
12 NOON...............................................SHOW OPENS
12:30 pm. ........................Children's activities & games
1:00pm.................................Compact Tractor Contest
5:00 pm ...............................................Livestock Show
5:00 - 7:00 ......................................MAX Radio Station
6:30 pm ..............................................Livestock Show
7:00 pm ........................................................Cruise-In
7:30 - 9:00 pm. ..............................Karaoke by DAWN
9:00 pm...............................................SHOW CLOSES
SATURDAY - AUGUST 21st
9:30am.................................................SHOW OPENS
10:00am..............................................Livestock Show
10:00 am. - 2:00 pm......................Tractor & Car Show
10:30am.................................TRAINING
WITH TRUST KENNY HARLOW(horse
clinician and trainer)
11:00 am...............................................Livestock Show
11:00am.-1:00 pm............................Karaoke by DAWN
1-4pm.............KENNY HARLOW will work with horses
1:30 pm...........................................4H Fashion Show
2:00 pm......................................Pedal Tractor Contest
2:00-5:00 pm. ...................................Steel Drum Band
4:00 - 5:00 pm. ..Being A Better Partner for Your Horse
Auctioneer: Doug Marshall
7:30 pm.......................................Awards Presentation
8:30 pm. ...........................................SHOW CLOSES
There will be a dunking booth on Friday &
Saturday.
*For more
information on 4-H activities, call the
410-749-6141
Week of August
6 to
|
|
Rainfall: |
|
None. |
|
|
|
Air Temperature: |
|
Highs
Ranged from 84°F on August 9, 10, 11, & 12 to 73°F on August 6 & 7. |
|
Lows
Ranged from 70°F on August 12 to 51°F on August 7 & 8. |
|
Soil
Temperature: |
|
76°F
average. |
|
(Soil
temperature taken at a 2 inch depth, under sod) |
Web
Address for the U of D Research & Education Center:
http://www.rec.udel.edu
Compiled and
Edited By:
Tracy Wootten
Cooperative
Extension Education in Agriculture and Home Economics, University of Delaware,
Delaware State University and the United States Department of Agriculture
cooperating. Distributed in furtherance
of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and